Epilepsy cases rising across all age groups:Doctors stress early diagnosis and regular treatment; claim to prevent serious complications

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that can affect people of any age, from children to the elderly. Once considered difficult to manage, it can now be controlled in most cases with proper treatment and timely diagnosis. What causes epilepsy cases Doctors broadly classify epilepsy into congenital and acquired causes. Congenital causes are linked to genetic changes. In some families, epilepsy may pass from one generation to another. If a close family member has the condition, children may face a slightly higher risk. Acquired causes develop later in life. These include head injuries, brain infections, stroke, tumours or bleeding in the brain. Excessive alcohol consumption and misuse of certain medicines or drugs can also trigger seizures. Common signs during seizures Seizures are the main symptom of epilepsy, but they can appear in different forms depending on which part of the brain is affected. In many cases, seizures begin suddenly without warning. A person’s eyes may roll upward, the body may stiffen or shake, and there may be a temporary loss of consciousness. Some individuals lose physical control and may fall. Arms and legs can jerk due to muscle contractions. In certain cases, frothing at the mouth may occur and the tongue may get bitten, causing bleeding. After the seizure ends, a person may feel confused, tired or sleepy. Short-term memory loss is common. Some people may remain disoriented or irritable for some time. Available treatment options explained Medical experts say epilepsy can be managed through several treatment methods depending on the patient’s condition. Anti-epileptic medicines are the most common form of treatment. These drugs help control abnormal brain activity and reduce the frequency of seizures. Doctors choose medication based on the type of seizures and the patient’s overall health. If medicines do not provide relief, surgery may be considered in selected cases. This involves removing or treating the part of the brain responsible for repeated seizures. Another option is the Vagus Nerve Stimulator, a small electronic device implanted in the body. It sends regular electrical signals to the brain and may help reduce seizure frequency. In some cases, doctors recommend a ketogenic diet. This high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet has shown benefits, particularly in children whose seizures are difficult to control with medicines. Importance of daily routine Maintaining a regular lifestyle can help manage epilepsy. Adequate sleep, a balanced diet and regular exercise may reduce the risk of seizures. Stress is known to trigger seizures in some people. Relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation and breathing exercises may help in stress control. During a seizure, there is a risk of injury. Experts advise people nearby to ensure the patient is safe from sharp objects, gently turn them to one side and avoid placing anything inside their mouth. Need for greater awareness Health experts say misconceptions about epilepsy still exist in society, often leading to stigma and discrimination. With correct treatment and social support, most patients can live normal and productive lives. According to Dr Dinesh Chouksey, Senior Consultant in Neurology at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Indore, early diagnosis, regular treatment and public awareness are key to improving the quality of life for people living with epilepsy.