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The temples of Khajuraho are not just architectural marvels but also repositories of deep spiritual and scientific knowledge, claims researcher Anurag Shukla. Built between the 9th and 11th centuries by the Chandela dynasty, these temples are globally known for their intricate carvings, often misinterpreted as purely erotic art. From 85 temples to just 25 today According to Shukla, Khajuraho once had around 85 temples, reflecting its grandeur as a major cultural and political hub. Today, only about 25 structures remain intact. Construction began during the reign of King Yashovarman in the 9th century and reached its peak under King Dhanga. The surviving temples still stand as testimony to the sophistication of medieval Indian temple architecture. A vast empire, largely forgotten Inscriptions found in the Lakshmana Temple and Vishvanatha Temple suggest that the Chandela rulers once had influence stretching from Kashmir to Sri Lanka, including regions like Mithila, Malwa, Kaushal, and Andhra. Despite this vast reach, the researcher argues that mainstream Indian history has not given these rulers their due recognition. Sculptures rooted in philosophy, not just eroticism The carvings at Khajuraho are often viewed through a narrow lens of sensuality. However, the research links them to the principles of Agama Tantra. In Hindu philosophy, the four aims of life, Dharma (duty), Artha (wealth), Kama (desire), and Moksha (liberation), are considered essential. The presence of such imagery represents the inclusion of ‘Kama’ as a legitimate and necessary aspect of life. According to traditional architectural principles, just as a home is considered incomplete without adornment, a temple is incomplete without depicting all aspects of human experience. ‘Kundalini awakening’ encoded in temple art The research connects these sculptures to the concept of Kundalini awakening. At the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, a well-known sculpture depicts a man in a headstand posture accompanied by three women. While commonly interpreted as a sensual scene, it is explained differently in tantric symbolism. The three women represent the Ida, Pingala, and Sushumna energy channels. The inverted posture signifies the movement of energy from the base (Muladhara chakra) to the crown (Sahasrara chakra), a process central to spiritual awakening. A historical center of learning Khajuraho was also an important center of learning. Texts like the Kamasutra were used to teach aspects of human relationships, while works on economics guided practical life. No evidence of major invasions Contrary to popular belief, there is no strong historical evidence that the Khajuraho temples were destroyed by major foreign invasions. While Mahmud of Ghazni invaded nearby regions like Kalinjar, there is little proof of direct large-scale attacks on Khajuraho. Accounts by travelers like Al-Biruni and Ibn Battuta also do not mention significant destruction here. Why the temples were damaged? The damage to the temples can be attributed to three main factors: 1. Local looting and myths: Legends about hidden gold and silver led locals and miscreants to damage structures while searching for treasure. 2. Natural erosion: Centuries of neglect and exposure to weather caused the gradual deterioration of the stone. 3. Modern smuggling: With global recognition of their archaeological value, smugglers targeted the temples, breaking sculptures to steal and sell them.